![normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iron-deficiencyanemia-200113215011/85/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-children-2-320.jpg)
Absorption increases when there is even a latent, latent iron deficiency and decreases when iron stores reach the norm. There is a specific mechanism for regulating iron absorption. In cells of the intestinal mucosa, iron forms a complex with the protein - apoferritin, and then passes into ferritin, from which iron is separated in the form of a divalent, enters the blood, binds to transferrin, which carries iron to places of use or deposition. This process is carried out in the stomach in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The condition for its assimilation is the transition of trivalent iron into a bivalent one, that is, into a soluble reduced form. In foods, iron is predominantly in the trivalent form. Assimilation is provided by enzymes and biologically active substances that are in the duodenum and in the initial section of the small intestine. To maintain iron stores at the physiological level, it is necessary to ensure the intake of at least 1-2 mg of iron every day.
NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMATOCRIT LEVELS IN NEONATES SKIN
Iron from the child's body is constantly excreted with sweat, urine, depleted cells of integumentary tissues - skin and mucous membrane of the digestive tract. The exchange of iron is closely related to the processes of its intake and excretion from the body.
![normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/haematocrit-170924075941/95/haematocrit-5-638.jpg)
Stocks of iron are created during fetal development of the fetus mainly at the expense of the maternal fund, and later accumulate by absorption of iron from food. The main mass - about 2/3 of its total amount - is part of hemoglobin, 200-300 mg - in the composition of cytochromes and cytochrome oxidase, myoglobin from 100 to 1000 mg of iron is deposited in the liver, bone marrow, spleen in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin. From this, the main causes of the development of low hemoglobin come out. There are different types of deficient conditions, which include iron deficiency, deficiency of folic acid and B12 acid, as well as hemolytic conditions.
![normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates](https://userfiles.steadyhealth.com/images/articles/high-hemoglobin-levels-in-newborn-babies-and-later-in-life.png)
The level of hemoglobin can decrease during the so-called deficient states, when the formation of hemoglobin is violated or there is its excessive destruction. Therefore, a hemoglobin level of less than 180 is considered to be low. These are the normative values for the child during the first month of life. Therefore, the content of hemoglobin in the body of a newborn child is 180-220 grams per liter. It is able to attach more oxygen than regular hemoglobin, which allows the entire body of the baby to provide enough oxygen. Hemoglobin is called "fetal", and its functionality is slightly higher.
![normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/figure/file/106400/f24c48a083e011eab36bfbd7a3a51fd4-1.png)
Therefore, hemoglobin in a child who is in utero is not the same as in adults. This necessitates that the blood cells work more efficiently. Features of the circulatory system of the child at a time when it develops in the mother in the abdomen is that only a large circle of blood circulation works. The figures presented herein describe reference ranges for hematocrit and blood hemoglobin concentration during the neonatal period, accounting for gestational and postnatal age.To understand what indicators for a newborn are considered to be lower, one should know about the norms of hemoglobin in a newborn. During the first 28 days after birth, an approximately linear decrease in hematocrit/hemoglobin occurred.ĬONCLUSIONS. During the 4-hour interval after birth, hematocrit/hemoglobin values of late preterm and term neonates (35–42 weeks' gestation) increased by 3.6% ± 0.5% (mean ± SD), those of neonates of 29 to 34 weeks' gestation remained unchanged, and those of <29 weeks' gestation decreased by 6.0% ± 0.3%. No difference was seen on the basis of gender. For every week advance in gestational age, the hematocrit increased by 0.64% and the hemoglobin concentration increased by 0.21 g/dL. During the interval from 22 to 40 weeks' gestation, the hematocrit and blood hemoglobin concentration increased approximately linearly. Data were assembled from a multihospital health care system after exclusion of patients with a high likelihood of an abnormal value and those who were receiving blood transfusions. We sought to develop reference ranges for hematocrit and hemoglobin during the neonatal period (28 days) by using very large sample sizes and modern hematology analyzers, accounting for gestational and postnatal age and gender. Reference ranges for the hematocrit and the blood hemoglobin concentration of newborn infants have previously been reported from relatively small sample sizes by using measurement methods that now are considered outmoded. “Reference ranges” are developed when it is impossible or inappropriate to establish “normal ranges” by drawing blood on healthy normal volunteers.